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Handbook of Sulphuric Acid Manufacturing
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Properties - Sulphuric Acid
September 27, 2003
Introduction | Associated Links |
Introduction
Sulphuric acid is a colourless to amber, slightly cloudy, oily liquid with a specific gravity almost twice that of water. At normal temperatures and a concentration of 98% or lower, it has little odour. At higher temperatures and above a concentration of 98% irritating sulphur trioxide (SO3) fumes may be liberated. Oleum (fuming sulphuric acid) is a colourless to white, heavy, oily liquid containing sulphur trioxide dissolved in sulphuric acid. On exposure to air, oleum releases irritating white fumes of sulphur trioxide.
All grades of sulphuric acid have an affinity for water resulting in evolution of heat when diluted. In the case of oleum, the reaction occurs with explosive violence. Sulphuric acid and oleum will absorb moisture from the air resulting in dilution of the acid. All grades are strongly corrosive and personal safety precautions should be carefully followed.
Many organic substances, wood, starch, sugar, paper, etc. are charred on contact with sulfuric acid, forming carbon. Very small quantities of organic matter will blacken sulphuric acid as a result of suspended carbon.
Colour | Clear, colourless liquid Contaminants in the acid may impart a colour to the acid. |
Reactivity | Sulphuric acid will attack many metals and in its concentrated form is a strong oxidizing agent and may cause ignition on contact with organic materials, nitrates, carbides, chlorates, etc. |
Flash Point | None |
Structure | |
Specific Gravity | Varies with concentration and temperature. See Table See Chart |
Freezing Point | See Table See Chart |
Boiling Point | See Table See Chart |
Viscosity | See Chart |
Conductivity | See Chart |
Enthalpy | See Chart |